Cholera Vaccination: An Overview

Cholera is an acute diarrheal illness caused by Vibrio cholerae bacteria, usually contracted through contaminated food or water. While most cases are mild, severe cholera can cause rapid dehydration and death if untreated. Vaccination can be an important preventive tool, especially for travelers to high-risk areas or people living in endemic regions.

Who Should Get a Cholera Vaccine?

• Travelers to areas with active cholera transmission (e.g., parts of Africa, South Asia, and Haiti)

• Humanitarian workers or aid personnel responding to cholera outbreaks

• Residents in areas with poor sanitation or frequent outbreaks

• Laboratory or health workers who may handle Vibrio cholerae

Types of Cholera Vaccines

1. Oral Cholera Vaccines (OCVs)

Used globally for travel and outbreak control

• Examples: Dukoral®, Shanchol™, Euvichol®

• Form: Oral liquid

• Dosage:

  • Dukoral® (inactivated vaccine):

    • 2 doses (1–6 weeks apart) for adults and children over 6

    • Booster recommended every 2 years

  • Shanchol™/Euvichol® (killed whole-cell vaccines):

    • 2 doses at least 2 weeks apart for individuals aged 1 and up

    • Immunity lasts up to 5 years (shorter in children)

• Protection: About 65–85% effective within a few weeks of completion

• Special note: Dukoral® also provides protection against E. coli (ETEC), a cause of traveler’s diarrhea

Vaxchora® (U.S.-Approved for Travelers)

• Type: Live attenuated oral vaccine

• Age group: Approved for 2–64 years old (U.S.)

• Dosage: Single dose at least 10 days before travel

• Protection: Effective within 10 days, lasting about 3 months

• Availability: Limited to certain countries like the U.S. (availability may vary)

 Side Effects and Safety

• Generally well tolerated

• Mild side effects may include abdominal discomfort, nausea, or diarrhea

• Rare allergic reactions possible—seek medical advice if concerned

• Not recommended during pregnancy unless risk of infection is high