Hepatitis A is a contagious liver infection caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV). It is typically spread through contaminated food or water, or close contact with an infected person. While it usually causes a short-term illness, hepatitis A can lead to serious complications, especially in older adults or those with existing liver disease. Fortunately, vaccination offers reliable and long-lasting protection.

Who Should Get the Hepatitis A Vaccine?

Vaccination is recommended for:

• All children aged 12–23 months (as part of routine immunization)

• Travelers to countries where hepatitis A is common (parts of Africa, Asia, Central and South America, and Eastern Europe)

• Men who have sex with men (MSM)

• People who use injection or non-injection drugs

• Individuals with chronic liver disease, including hepatitis B or C

• People with clotting factor disorders

• Workers at risk, such as those in childcare, healthcare, or sanitation

• Anyone wanting protection from hepatitis A

Vaccine Schedule

• Two-dose series: The hepatitis A vaccine is given in two shots:

  • First dose: Any time after 12 months of age

  • Second dose: 6–12 months after the first

• For travelers, the first dose should be given at least 2 weeks before departure for partial protection.

Types of Hepatitis A Vaccines

• Havrix® and Vaqta® – available in many countries

• Twinrix® – a combined vaccine that protects against hepatitis A and B (requires 3 doses)

All vaccines are inactivated (killed virus) and do not cause infection.

Effectiveness

• Over 95% effective after the full 2-dose series

• Provides long-term protection, possibly lifelong

• Even one dose offers good short-term protection

Side Effects and Safety

• Generally mild: soreness at the injection site, headache, fatigue

• Serious reactions are extremely rare

• Safe for most people, including those with weakened immune systems