Hepatitis B is a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). It spreads through contact with infected blood or bodily fluids and can lead to chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, liver cancer, or even death. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent hepatitis B and its complications.

Who Should Get the Hepatitis B Vaccine?

The vaccine is recommended for:

• All infants and children (starting at birth)

• Unvaccinated adults at risk, including:

  • People with multiple sex partners or sexually transmitted infections

  • Men who have sex with men (MSM)

  • People who inject drugs

  • Household or sexual contacts of people with hepatitis B

  • Healthcare and public safety workers exposed to blood

  • Patients with chronic liver disease, HIV, or kidney failure

  • International travelers to regions with high hepatitis B prevalence

• Anyone who wants protection, regardless of risk

Vaccine Schedule

Standard 3-dose schedule (most common):

• Dose 1: At birth or time of first vaccination

• Dose 2: 1 month after first dose

• Dose 3: 6 months after first dose

Accelerated schedules are available for certain adults and travelers.

Combination vaccines:

• Twinrix® (Hepatitis A + B): For adults, 3-dose series

• Pediarix® (DTaP, Hepatitis B, and Polio): For infants

Effectiveness

• Over 95% effective at preventing infection

• Long-lasting protection—often for life, especially after full 3-dose series

• Booster doses are not routinely needed for healthy individuals

Side Effects and Safety

• Side effects are usually mild: injection site soreness, low-grade fever, fatigue

• Serious adverse reactions are extremely rare

• The vaccine is safe for all ages, including newborns and pregnant women