Malaria is a serious and sometimes fatal disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, transmitted through the bite of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. It is most common in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Central and South America, and some areas of the Middle East and Oceania. Malaria prevention involves a combination of vaccination (where available), medication, and mosquito bite avoidance.

Malaria Vaccination: A Breakthrough in Prevention

1. RTS,S/AS01 (Mosquirix®)

• World’s first malaria vaccine, approved by the WHO

• Targets Plasmodium falciparum, the deadliest malaria parasite

• Recommended for: Children aged 5 months to 5 years in high-risk areas of Africa

• Schedule: 4 doses over 18 months (at 5, 6, 7, and ~18 months)

• Effectiveness: Reduces severe malaria by about 30–50% when combined with other prevention strategies

2. R21/Matrix-M

• Newer vaccine with higher effectiveness

• Approved in some African countries and recommended by the WHO (as of 2023)

• Early data shows up to 75% protection with seasonal administration

• Expected to be widely available in malaria-endemic regions

Note: These vaccines are not currently available for travelers. Malaria vaccination is primarily used in children living in endemic areas.

Malaria Prevention for Travelers

While vaccines are not yet an option for most travelers, preventive medications (chemoprophylaxis) are widely used:

Common Antimalarial Medications:

• Atovaquone-proguanil (Malarone®) – Daily; start 1–2 days before travel, continue for 7 days after

• Doxycycline – Daily; same schedule as Malarone

• Mefloquine (Lariam®) – Weekly; start 2 weeks before, continue 4 weeks after return

• Tafenoquine (Arakoda®) – For adults; weekly dosing; requires G6PD deficiency testing

Choose based on: travel location, duration, age, pregnancy status, side effects, and personal medical history.

Mosquito Bite Prevention Tips

Whether or not you’re vaccinated or taking medication, avoid bites:

• Use insect repellents with DEET, picaridin, or IR3535

• Wear long-sleeved clothing and pants, especially from dusk to dawn

• Sleep under insecticide-treated bed nets

• Stay in air-conditioned or screened accommodations