What is Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE)?
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infectious disease caused by the TBE virus (TBEV), a member of the Flavivirus genus. It affects the central nervous system and can lead to serious complications such as meningitis, encephalitis, or meningoencephalitis. The virus is primarily transmitted through the bite of infected ticks, particularly Ixodes ricinus in Europe and Ixodes persulcatus in Asia. Rarely, it can also be contracted via unpasteurized dairy products from infected animals.

Geographic Risk Areas
TBE is endemic in parts of Central, Eastern, and Northern Europe, as well as in parts of Northern and Central Asia, including Russia and China. High-risk areas include rural and forested regions where ticks are prevalent, especially during warmer months (spring to early autumn).

Vaccination Against TBE
Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent TBE, especially for people living in or traveling to endemic regions. The vaccine stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies against the TBE virus, reducing the risk of infection and severe disease.

Available Vaccines
Two widely used TBE vaccines in Europe are:

• FSME-IMMUN® (Baxter/Valneva)

• Encepur® (GSK)

Both vaccines are inactivated (killed virus) and are considered safe and effective. They are approved for both adults and children, with specific pediatric formulations available.

Vaccination Schedule
The standard immunization schedule involves three doses:

1. First dose

2. Second dose: 1–3 months after the first

3. Third dose: 5–12 months after the second

A rapid schedule is available for quicker protection, often used before imminent travel. Booster doses are recommended every 3 to 5 years depending on age and risk factors.

Who Should Be Vaccinated?

• Residents of endemic areas

• Travelers planning outdoor activities (e.g., hiking, camping) in high-risk regions

• Laboratory workers handling TBE virus

• Military personnel and forest workers